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Attalus I (), surnamed ''Soter'' (, "Savior"; 269–197 BC)〔Hansen, p. 26. Livy, 33.21–22, says that Attalus died in the consulship of Cornelius and Minucius (197 BC) at the age of 72, having reigned 44 years. Polybius, (18.41 ), also says that he died at 72 and reigned 44 years. Strabo, (13.4.2 ), says that he reigned 43 years.〕 ruled Pergamon, an Ionian Greek polis (what is now Bergama, Turkey), first as dynast, later as king, from 241 BC to 197 BC. He was the second cousin and the adoptive son of Eumenes I,〔Strabo, (13.4.2 ), says that he was the cousin of Eumenes. Pausanias, (1.8.1 ), probably following Strabo, says the same. But modern writers have concluded that Strabo had skipped a generation; see Hansen, p. 26.〕 whom he succeeded, and was the first of the Attalid dynasty to assume the title of king in 238 BC.〔Strabo, (13.4.2 ); Polybius, (18.41 ); Hansen, p. 28; Austin, p. 396; Kosmetatou, p. 161.〕 He was the son of Attalus and his wife Antiochis. Attalus won an important victory over the Galatians, newly arrived Celtic tribes from Thrace, who had been, for more than a generation, plundering and exacting tribute throughout most of Asia Minor without any serious check. This victory, celebrated by the triumphal monument at Pergamon (famous for its Dying Gaul) and the liberation from the Gallic "terror" which it represented, earned for Attalus the name of "Soter", and the title of "king". A courageous and capable general and loyal ally of Rome, he played a significant role in the first and second Macedonian Wars, waged against Philip V of Macedon. He conducted numerous naval operations, harassing Macedonian interests throughout the Aegean, winning honors, collecting spoils, and gaining for Pergamon possession of the Greek islands of Aegina during the first war, and Andros during the second, twice narrowly escaping capture at the hands of Philip. Attalus was a protector of the Greek cities of Anatolia〔Grolier, p. 314: "Attalus was both a strong protector of the Greek cities of Anatolia and an opportunist in trying to expand Pergamum's territory and power."〕 and viewed himself as the champion of Greeks against barbarians.〔Bradford, p. 121: "Attalus... commissioned a series of sculptures that depicted the defeat of the Gauls and glorified himself as the champion of Greeks against barbarians"; Wilson, p. 593: "By means of lavish sculpted dedications, Attalus depicted his victories as important achievements, and himself as the champion of Greek freedom against a renewed barbarian threat."〕 During his reign he established Pergamon as a considerable power in the Greek East.〔Bradford, p. 121: "Attalus established Pergamum as a power in the Greek East, but it was to reach its greatest power and prosperity by its alliance with Rome"〕 He died in 197 BC, shortly before the end of the second war, at the age of 72, having suffered an apparent stroke while addressing a Boeotian war council some months before. He and his wife were admired for their rearing of their four sons. He was succeeded as king by his son Eumenes II. ==Early life== Little is known about Attalus' early life. He was born a Greek,〔Richardson, p. 254: "... he was a Greek and devoted to the Greek culture,...".〕 the son of Attalus, and Antiochis.〔Strabo, (13.4.2 ); Hansen, p. 26.〕 The elder Attalus was the son of a brother (also called Attalus) of both Philetaerus, the founder of the Attalid dynasty, and Eumenes, the father of Eumenes I, Philetaerus' successor; he is mentioned, along with his uncles, as a benefactor of Delphi,〔Hansen, p. 19; Austin, p. 400,〕 won fame as a charioteer, winning at Olympia, and was honored with a monument at Pergamon.〔Hansen, p. 27.〕 Attalus was a young child when his father died, sometime before 241 BC, after which he was adopted by Eumenes I, the incumbent dynast. Attalus' mother, Antiochis, was related to the Seleucid royal family (being a granddaughter of Seleucus I Nicator) with her marriage to Attalus' father likely arranged by Philetaerus to solidify his power. This would be consistent with the conjecture that Attalus' father had been Philetaerus' heir designate, but was succeeded by Eumenes, since Attalus I was too young when his father died.〔Hansen, pp. 27–28.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Attalus I」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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